2. Mt Paektu Formed by Several Rounds of Volcanic Eruptions
The fourth round of volcanic eruption on Mt Paektu took place 130 000 to 100 000 years ago.
It produced some 13 craters, including Janggun Peak, Hyangdo Peak, Ssangmujigae Peak, Haeppal Peak, etc.
The volcano erupted several times, with the alternation of explosion and flow of lava, with the result that Mt Paektu formed a bell-shaped stratovolcano and the eruptions with a thickness of 20 to 85 metres rose 3320 metres high above the sea.
The fifth round of volcano erupted between 80 000 to 57 000 years ago.
At the end of this eruption, torrents of rhyolite lava involving much vaporized gas poured forth only on the tops of such peaks as Janggun, Haeppal, Tangyol, Ssangmujigae, Paegam, Chonmun and Ragwon. Its eruptions covered only Mt Paektu, with their volume amounting to 0.038 ㎦. At that time the mountain was 3400 metres above the sea.
There was about 50 000-year-long dormancy after the fifth volcano.
The sixth volcano went into eruption about 1 000 years ago. The liquid lava spouted 10 kilometres high in the air and turned into solid white-coloured pumice before landing on the ground. The layer of pumice is 50 to 60 metres thick around Lake Chon on Mt Paektu and becomes thinner in the distance. The dust of pumice flown away from Mt Paektu was also found in Japan.
At that time the Mt Paektu area was thick with coniferous trees, but the pumice covered all of them. A little of them was burned and most of them was buried. The sixth volcano in Mt Paektu in the 10th century produced 10 ㎦ of lava and 50 ㎦ of pumice to be the greatest eruption in the world. So, it is called the great eruption in the 10th century.
Not long after the eruption of pumice, Mt Paektu went through depression. The crater and its pillars collapsed to form the present crater in Lake Chon. According to historical data, volcanic eruptions on Mt Paektu were also witnessed in 1597, 1668, 1702 and 1724.
The volcano crater in Lake Chon vomited glowing clouds of tuff lava, which is distributed only in the valleys of exterior inclines of the mountain.
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