Mt Paektu Formed by Several Rounds of Volcanic Eruptions
The first volcano erupted on Mt Paektu about 3.5 million years ago and ended 1.5 million years ago. The first round of eruption was mainly divided into two periods.
The present spout of Rimyongsu Falls from which underground water comes out is the eruption-break face, and it is the boundary between the two periods.
At the first round of eruption, darkish-grey basaltic lava started from the depth of 25 to 35 km under the ground and gushed out with Lake Chon of the mountain as the main crater, and the central part of Mt Sobaek as another crater. The lava was high in temperature, and its viscosity was very low as watery millet jelly. Such lava spread far and wide, forming a lava plateau. The area covered by lava was 900 ㎢ within Korea, its thickness 200 to 500 metres and its volume 300 ㎦. At that time the Paektu volcano was shield-shaped, and Mt Paektu was 2 100 metres above sea level.
The second round of volcanic eruption took place between 610 000 to 390 000 years ago.
Most of magma was quasi-alkali trachyte, which erupted from the depth of 25 to 35 kilometres underground. This eruption shaped Mt Paektu in the main. The then height of the mountain was 3 200 m above the sea. Trachyte was 200 metres thick around the mountain and about 1 200 metres in the centre, and the volume of eruptions was about 25㎦.
The third volcano erupted between 190 000 to 170 000 years ago. Unlike the first eruption, it vomited basaltic lava of high viscosity with weak explosion. Torrents of lava poured for not on Mt Paektu but on many surrounding peaks. The eruptions covered an area of about 1㎢, and its volume was about 0.025㎦. This explosive volcanic eruption gave birth to such present surrounding peaks as Taeyonji, Soyonji, Taegak and Mudu.
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